Orbital Cellulitis

Orbital cellulitis is a dangerous infection with potentially serious complications
It is usually caused by a bacterial infection from the sinuses (mainly ethmoid, accounting for more than 90% of all cases)
Other causes :a stye on the eyelid, recent trauma to the eyelid including bug bites, or a foreign object
In children, orbital cellulitis is usually from a sinus infection and due to the organism Hemophilus influenzae (decrease in incidence after vaccination program implentation).
Other organisms are Staphlococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Beta hemolytic streptococci

extension of infection from the periorbital structures, most commonly from the paranasal sinuses, but also from the face, globe, and lacrimal sac
Direct inoculation of the orbit from trauma or surgery (orbital decompression, dacryocystorhinostomy, eyelid surgery, strabismus surgery, retinal surgery, and intraocular surgery, have been reported as the precipitating cause of orbital cellulitis)
Hematogenous spread from bacteremia

Orbital cellulitis is infection of the soft tissues of the orbit posterior to the orbital septum, differentiating it from preseptal cellulitis, which is infection of the soft tissue of the eyelids and periocular region anterior to the orbital septum
DDx: orbital pseudotumor (inflammatory condition, responds to steroids)

Complications
Subperiostal/Orbital abscess (Chandler III-IV)
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Hearing loss
Septicemia or blood infection
Meningitis
Optic nerve damage and blindeness

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