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عن ال pharmacokinetics

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1- the following is NOT TRUE concerning diffusion of drugs across cell membranes

a- most drugs cross cell membranes primairly by passive diffusion

b- diffusion is dependent on the drug being lipid soluble i.e exists mainly in non-ionized form

c- acidification of urine hastens excretion of weakly basic drugs

d- aspirin is mainly ionized in the empty stomach thus crosses cell membranes of mucosal cells to be trapped inside resulting in peptic ulceration


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2- important factors which may govern diffusion of drugs across cell membranes

a- pKa value of the drug

b- pH of the medium

c- lipid solubility of the drug

d- all of the above


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3- the first pass effect is most likely to occur if the drug is given


a- orally

b- rectally

c- subcutaneously

d- sublingually

e- A & C


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4- which of the following drugs is/are wrongly matched to the site of first pass metabolism


a- estrogen / hepatic

b- nicotine / pulmonary

c- nitroglycerin / intestinal

d- propranolol / hepatic

e- A & C


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5- drugs reducing hepatic 1st pass metabolism

a- rifampicin

b- propranolol

c- erythromycin

d- B & C


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6- which of the following routes of administration allows for titrating dose of a drug with the response

a- slow intravenous infusion

b- transdermal

c- sublingual

d- inhalation

e- A & D


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7- drugs with variable bioavailability among different dosage forms are


a- digoxin

b- aspirin

c- phenytoin

d- A & B


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8- a main determinant of bioavailability (F) following oral administration is


a- hepatic extraction ratio (E)

b- elimination rate constant (Ke)

c- bioequivalence

d- none of the above


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9- lipophilicity reduces


a- absorption

b- volume of distribution (Vol)

c- hepatic elimination

d- renal excretion


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10- drugs with small volume of distribution are characterized by

a- limited tissue uptake

b- dialysis is useful in toxicity

c- their Vd cannot be less than 5 liters

d- all of the above

e- A & B


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11- the following characteristics of a drug tends to reduce its volume of distribution

a- low ionization at physiological pH

b- high lipid solubility

c- high tissue binding

d- high plasma proteins binding

e- A & C


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12- the following drugs do not act readily cross to the CNS in meningitis

a- streptomycin

b- rifampicin

c- tetracycline

d- penicillins

e- A & C


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13- the following drugs do not readily cross to CNS

a- dopamine

b- levodopa

c- atropine

d- ncostgmine

e- A & D


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14- the following is a phase II reaction

a- reduction

b- hydrolysis

c- acetylation

d- oxidation


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15- microsomal enzymes include

a- dehydrogenase

b- esterases

c- CY P450 enzyme system

d- glucouryl transferase

e- C & D


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16- in which organ is the majority of cytochrome P450 most highly expressed

a- brain

b- liver

c- lung

d- kidney

e- small intestine


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