اسئلة الدكتور وليد 2010

Biochemistry Revision Questions
1. Give examples for mitochondrial reactions in urea cycle
2. Mention 2 reactions for Co2 fixation (carboxylation reactions)
3. Mention important intermediates in glycolysis (with chemical equations)
4. Mention important effects of Citrate.
5. Enumerate high energy phosphate compounds.
6. Discuss briefly direct formation of ATP (substrate level phosph.)giving examples.
7. Enumerate components of respiratory chain complexes.
8. Enumerate inhibitors and uncouplers of ETC.
9. Discuss briefly chemo-osmotic theory of oxidative phosphorylation.
10. Compare and contrast between glycolysis and HMP pathway.
11. Enumerate fates of UDP-Glucose (with chemical equations)
12. Mention 2 ways of cholesterol esterification.
13. Enumerate 3 important compounds derived from glycine.
14. Enumerate 3 amino acids entering in creatine synthesis (chemical equations)
15. Illustrate with chemical equations synthesis of catecholamines from tyrosine.
16. Enumerate important compounds from glutamic acid.
17. Enumerate reactions utilizing vitamin B6 as co-enzyme
18. Mention 2 reactions utilizing Riboflavin coenzymes( FMN and FAD)
19. Insulin is a lipogenic hormone .comment.
20. Glucagon is a hyperglycemic hormone.comment.
21. Give short notes on Cytochrome P450.
22. Enumerate 4 reactions of conjugation in xenobiotic ****bolism.
23. Discuss factors affecting Ca+2 level in blood (hormonal regulation)
24. Discuss ways of absorption of monosaccharides
25. Discuss regulation of glycolysis.
25. 26.Mention importance of F2,6 bisphosphate in glycolysis regulation.
27. Mention importance of 2,3BPG
28 Enumerate fates of pyruvate illustrating by chemical equations.
29. Discuss amphipolic nature of TCA cycle.
30. Explain energetics of TCA cycle.
32. Discuss regulation of TCA cycle.
33. Mention sources and importance of NADPH+H+.
34. Write what do you know about biochemical ****s of favism.
35. Mention importance of UDP Glucuronic acid.
36. Mention biochemical basis of Von Gierke 's disease.
37. Discuss importance and conditions of gluconeogenesis.
38. Write down substrates of gluconeogenesis.
39. Write what do you know about Cori's cycle.
40. Discuss tissue and hormonal role in blood glucose level regulation.
41. Enumerate causes of glucosuria.
42. Define hypoglycemia and mention its causes.
43.Write what do you know about de novo fatty acid synthesis.
44. Mention fates of palmitic acid.
45. Write what do you know about β-oxidation of fatty acids.
46. Discuss regulation of both fatty acid synthesis and oxidation.
47. Explain energetics of palmitic acid (16 C) oxidation.
48. Discuss : Ketogenisis, ketolysis and ketosis.
49. Write short notes about : chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, and HDL.
50. Discuss what do you know about familial hypercholestermia .
51. Enumerate ****bolic ****s of cholesterol synthesis.
52. Enumerate clinical importance of cholesterol blood level.
53. Discuss complications of diabetes mellitus.
54. Compare between both types of diabetes mellitus.
55. Enumerate causes of fatty liver.
56. Mention methods of amino acids absorption.
57. Define oxidative and non oxidative deamination , giving examples.
58. Define transamination ,giving examples ,mentioning their clinical importance.
59. Discuss sources and fate of Ammonia .
60. Enumerate chemical steps of urea cycle ,mentioning its importance , regulation and energetics.
61. Discuss causes and effects of ammonia toxicity .
62. Mention important amines; concerning amino acid sources and importance.
63. Enumerate important ****bolic functions of glycine.
64. Write what do you know about GSH .
65. Write what do you know about creatine ****bolism.
66. Write what do you know about activated methyl cycle.
67. Enumerate important ****bolic fates of glutamate.
68. Write what do you know about γ-glutamyl cycle.
69. Define on biochemical ****s : phenylketonuria, Albinism and Alkaptonuria, maple syrup urine disease
70. Enumerate important compounds derived from tyrosine.
71. Discuss importance of Tryptophan amino acid.
72. Write what do you about VMA, and 5-HIAA.
73. Enumerate ketogenic and mixed amino acids.
74. Enumerate functions of Calcuim.
75. Discuss hormonal regulation of Calcuim.
76. Enumerate causes and clinical picture of hypocalcemia.
77.Enumerate causes and clinical picture of hypercalcemia.
78.Discuss Cell cycle control at G1-S restriction point.
79.Discuss activation of proto-oncogenes into onco-genes.
80.Discuss tumor suppressor genes giving examples.
81.Define : beri-beri, pellagra , prencious anemia , megaloblatic anemia
, night blindness , rickets , menke’s disease, Wilson diseases , ………
82.Give 3 examples of water soluble vitamins , their derivatives , their
role in ****bolism and effect of their deficiencies.