pharma mnemonics

دى شوية mnemonics
اللى هى اختصارات لاسماء الادوية و تجميعات

ممكن يكون فى حاجات مخدنهاش محدش يقلق كله هناخدوا
ممكن يكون فى تكرار اختاروا الاحسن ليكم و الاسهل

[size=21]و اخيرا يتبع

Morphine: side-effects
MORPHINE
Myosis
Out of it ...sedation
Respiratory depression
Pneumonia...aspiration
Hypotension
Infrequency...constipation, urinary retentionNausea
Emesis



Pupils in overdose: morphine vs. amphetamine
MorPHINE: Fine. AmPHETamine: Fat
Morphine overdose: pupils constricted ..fine
Amphetamine overdose: pupils dilated ..fat

Nitrofurantoin: major side effects
NitroFurAntoin
Neuropathy..peripheral neuropathy
Fibrosis..pulmonary fibrosis
Anemia..hemolytic anemia
Myasthenia gravis: edrophonium vs. pyridostigmine
eDrophonium is for Diagnosis
pyRIDostigmine is to get RID of symptoms

Parkinsonism: drugs
SALAD
Selegiline
Anticholinenergics...trihexyphe nidyl, benzhexol, ophenadrine
L-Dopa + peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor ...carbidopa, benserazide
Amantadine
Dopamine postsynaptic receptor agonists ...bromocriptine, lisuride, pergolide




Beta-1 vs Beta-2 receptor ********
You have 1 heart and 2 lungs
Beta-1 are therefore primarily on heart
Beta-2 primarily on lungs

HEPATIC ENZYME INHIBITORS
SICKFACES. COM

Sodium valproate
Isoniazide
Cimetidine
Ketoconazole
Fluconazole
Alcohol..binge drinking
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Sulfonamides
Ciprofloxacin
Omeprazole
Metronidazole

HEPATIC ENZYME INDUCERS
GP PARCS

Griseofulvin
Phenytoin
Phenobarbitone
Alcohol..chronic use
Rifampicin
Carbamazepines
Sulfonyl ureas

DRUGS EXTENSIVELY BOUND TO PROTEINS
PDF SWAMP

Propranolol
Diazepam
Fibrates
Sulfonyl ureas
Warfarin
Aspirin
Montelukast
Phenytoin

Phenytoin: adverse effects
PHENYTOIN
P-450 interactions
Hirsutism
Enlarged gums
Nystagmus
Yellow-browning of skin
Teratogenicity
Osteomalacia
Interference with B12 ----bolism ..hence anemia
Neuropathies: vertigo, ataxia, headache

Aspirin: side effects
ASPIRIN

Asthma
Salicyalism
Peptic ulcer disease/ Phosphorylation-oxidation uncoupling/ PPH/ Platelet disaggregation/ Premature closure of PDA
Intestinal blood loss
Reye's syndrome
Idiosyncracy
Noise..tinnitus

MORPHINE'S PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIONS
HECK of a DREAM
Histamine and Hormonal actions..increased prolactin, decreased GRH, CH, FSH, ACTH
Emesis
Contraction of biliary smooth muscle
Cardiovascular changes..there's verry little CV changes at normal dosages, orthostatic hypotension may occur
Decrease cough reflex, Decrese GI motility, Depression of mental functioning,,,seddation
Respiratory depression
Euphoria
Analgesia
Miosis
THE ADVERSE REACTIONS OF CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS
DUMBLES

Diarrhea and decreased blood pressure
Urination
Miosis
Bronchoconstriction
Excitation of skeletal muscle
Lacrimation
Salivation and sweating


THERAPEUTIC USES OF BETHANECHOL..cholinergic
BBB
Bethanechol stimulates the Bladder and Bowel


TOXIC EFFECT OF MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS
Dry as bone, Hot as a hare, Red as a beet, Blind as a bat, Mad as a hatter

Dry mouth
Inhibition of sweating specially in young children
Tachycardia and cutaneous vasodilation
Blurred vision
Hallucination and delirium



Beta-blockers: main contraindications, cautions
ABCDE
Asthma
Block...heart block
COPD
Diabetes mellitus
Electrolyte ...hyperkalemia

Beta 1 selective blockers
"BEAM ONE up, Scotty"
Beta 1 blockers
Esmolol
Atenolol
Metropolol

Beta-blockers: nonselective beta-blockers
"Tim Pinches His Nasal Problem"
(because he has a runny nose)
Timolol
Pindolol
Hismolol
Naldolol
Propranolol


Hypertension: treatment
ABCD
ACE inhibitors/ AngII antagonists...sometimes Alpha agonists also
Beta blockers
Calcium antagonists
Diuretics...sometimes vasoDilators also




microsomal enzyme inhibitors:
''sick mice''
S-sulfonamide
I-INH
C-clarithromycine
K-ketoconazole
M-metronidazole
I-itraconazole
C-chloramphenicol
E-erythromycine


Horner's syndrom
PEMA
or
PAME
P = ptosis
E = enophthalmus
M = myosis
A = anhydrosis

Beta blockers with CYP2D6 polymorphic metabolism
"I Met Tim Carver, the metabolic polymorph":
• The following beta blockers require dose adjustment due to CYP2D6 polymorphic metabolism:
Metoprolol Timolol Carvedilol (in patients with lower or higher than normal CYP2D6 activity)

Beta blockers:
B1 selective vs. B1-B2 non-selective
A through N: B1 selective: Acebutalol, Atenolol, Esmolol, Metoprolol.
O through Z: B1, B2 non-selective: Pindolol, Propanalol, Timolol.


Opiods: mu receptor effects "MD CARES":
Miosis
Dependency
Constipation
Analgesics
Respiratory depression
Euphoria
Sedation

Physostigmine vs. neostigmine LMNOP:
Lipid soluble
Miotic
Natural
Orally absorbed well
Physostigmine
• Neostigmine, on the contrary, is:
Water soluble
Used in myesthenia gravis
Synthetic
Poor oral absorption

MAOIs: indications MAOI'S:
Melancholic [classic name for atypical depression]
Anxiety
Obesity disorders [anorexia, bulemia]
Imagined illnesses [hypochondria]
Social phobias
• Listed in decreasing order of importance.
• Note MAOI is inside MelAnchOlIc.


Opioids: effects BAD AMERICANS:
Bradycardia & hypotension
Anorexia
Diminished pupilary size
Analgesics
Miosis
Euphoria
Respiratory depression
Increased smooth muscle activity (biliary tract constriction) Constipation
Ameliorate cough reflex
Nausea and vomiting
Sedation

Direct sympathomimetic catecholamines DINE
Dopamine
Isoproterenol
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Dobutamine

Anticholinergic side effects
"Know the ABCD'S of anticholinergic side effects":
Anorexia
Blurry vision
Constipation/ Confusion
Dry Mouth
Sedation/ Stasis of urine

Atropine use: tachycardia or bradycardia
"A goes with B": Atropine used clinically to treat Bradycardia
Morphine: effects at mu receptor PEAR:
Physical dependence
Euphoria
Analgesia
Respiratory depression

Beta-blockers:
nonselective beta-blockers"Tim Pinches His Nasal Problem"
(because he has a runny nose...):
Timolol
Pindolol
Hismolol
Naldolol
Propranolol

Methyldopa:
side effects METHYLDOPA:
Mental retardation
Electrolyte imbalance
Tolerance
Headache/ Hepatotoxicity psYcological upset
Lactation in female
Dry mouth
Oedema
Parkinsonism
Anaemia (haemolytic)